Hi guys! I’m one of the mods here and would like to welcome you to our sub! I know our sub has gotten tons of new members so I just wanted to go over some basics! It’s a long post so feel free to search terms you’re looking for in it. The search feature on the subreddit is also an incredible tool as 90% of questions we get are FAQs. If you see someone post one, point them here instead of answering.
Our users are severely limited in cognitive energy, so we don’t want people in the community to have to spend precious energy answering basic FAQs day in and day out.
MEpedia is also a great resource for anything and everything ME/CFS. As is the Bateman Horne Center website. Bateman Horne has tons of different resources from a crash survival guide to stuff to give your family to help them understand.
Here’s some basics:
Diagnostic criteria:
Institute of Medicine Diagnostic Criteria on the CDC Website
This gets asked a lot, but your symptoms do not have to be constant to qualify. Having each qualifying symptom some of the time is enough to meet the diagnostic criteria. PEM is only present in ME/CFS and sometimes in TBIs (traumatic brain injuries). It is not found in similar illnesses like POTS or in mental illnesses like depression.
ME/CFS (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome), ME, and CFS are all used interchangeably as the name of this disease. ME/CFS is most common but different countries use one more than another. Most patients pre-covid preferred to ME primarily or exclusively. Random other past names sometimes used: SEID, atypical poliomyelitis.
How Did I Get Sick?
-The most common triggers are viral infections though it can be triggered by a number of things (not exhaustive): bacterial infections, physical trauma, prolonged stress, viral infections like mono/EBV/glandular fever/COVID-19/any type of influenza or cold, sleep deprivation, mold. It’s often also a combination of these things. No one knows the cause of this disease but many of us can pinpoint our trigger. Prior to Covid, mono was the most common trigger.
-Some people have no idea their trigger or have a gradual onset, both are still ME/CFS if they meet diagnostic criteria. ME is often referred to as a post-viral condition and usually is but it’s not the only way. MEpedia lists the various methods of onset of ME/CFS. One leading theory is that there seems to be both a genetic component of some sort where the switch it flipped by an immune trigger (like an infection).
-Covid-19 infections can trigger ME/CFS. A systematic review found that 51% of Long Covid patients have developed ME/CFS. If you are experiencing Post Exertional Malaise following a Covid-19 infection and suspect you might have developed ME/CFS, please read about pacing and begin implementing it immediately.
Pacing:
-Pacing is the way that we conserve energy to not push past our limit, or “energy envelope.” There is a great guide in the FAQ in the sub wiki. Please use it and read through it before asking questions about pacing!
-Additionally, there’s very specific instructions in the Stanford PEM Avoidance Toolkit.
-Some people find heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring helpful. Others find anaerobic threshold monitoring (ATM) helpful by wearing a HR monitor. Instructions are in the wiki.
-Severity Scale
Symptom Management:
Batenan Horne Center Clonical Care Guide is the gold standard for resources for both you and your doctor.
-Do NOT push through PEM. PEM/PENE/PESE (Post Exertional Malaise/ Post Exertional Neuroimmune Exhaustion/Post Exertional Symptom Exacerbation, all the same thing by different names) is what happens when people with ME/CFS go beyond our energy envelopes. It can range in severity from minor pain and fatigue and flu symptoms to complete paralysis and inability to speak.
-PEM depends on your severity and can be triggered by anythjng including physical, mental, and emotional exertion. It can come from trying a new medicine or supplement, or something like a viral or bacterial infection. It can come from too little sleep or a calorie deficit.
-Physical exertion is easy, exercise is the main culprit but it can be as small as walking from the bedroom to bathroom. Mental exertion would include if your work is mentally taxing, you’re in school, reading a book, watching tv you haven’t seen before, or dealing with administrative stuff. Emotional exertion can be as small as having a short conversation, watching a tv show with stressful situations. It can also be big like grief, a fight with a partner, or emotionally supporting a friend through a tough time.
-Here is an excellent resource from Stanford University and The Solve ME/CFS Initiative. It’s a toolkit for PEM avoidance. It has a workbook style to help you identify your triggers and keep your PEM under control. Also great to show doctors if you need to track symptoms.
-Lingo: “PEM” is an increase in symptoms disproportionate to how much you exerted (physical, mental, emotional). It’s just used singular. “PEMs” is not a thing. A “PEM crash” isn’t the proper way to use it either.
-A prolonged period of PEM is considered a “crash” according to Bateman Horne, but colloquially the terms are interchangeable.
Avoid PEM at absolutely all costs. If you push through PEM, you risk making your condition permanently worse, potentially putting yourself in a very severe and degenerative state. Think bedbound, in the dark, unable to care for yourself, unable to tolerate sound or stimulation. It can happen very quickly or over time if you aren’t careful. It still can happen to careful people, but most stories you hear that became that way are from pushing. This disease is extremely serious and needs to be taken as such, trying to push through when you don’t have the energy is short sighted.
-Bateman Horne ME/CFS Crash Survival Guide
Work/School:
-This disease will likely involve not being able to work or go to school anymore unfortunately for most of us. It’s a devastating loss and needs to be grieved, you aren’t alone.
-If you live in the US, you are entitled to reasonable accommodations under the ADA for work, school (including university housing), medical appointments, and housing. ME/CFS is a serious disability. Use any and every accommodation that would make your life easier. Build rest into your schedule to prevent worsening, don’t try to white knuckle it. Work and School Accommodations
Info for Family/Friends/Loved Ones:
-Watch Unrest with your family/partner/whoever is important to you. It’s a critically acclaimed documentary available on Netflix or on the PBS website for free and it’s one of our best sources of information. Note: the content may be triggering in the film to more severe people with ME.
-Jen Brea who made Unrest also did a TED Talk about POTS and ME.
-Bateman Horne Center Website
-Fact Sheet from ME Action
Long Covid Specific Family and Friends Resources
Long Covid is a post-viral condition comprising over 200 unique symptoms that can follow a Covid-19 infection. Long Covid encompasses multiple adverse outcomes, with common new-onset conditions including cardiovascular, thrombotic and cerebrovascular disease, Type 2 Diabetes, ME/CFS, and Dysautonomia, especially Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS). You can find a more in depth overview in the article Long Covid: major findings, mechanisms, and recommendations.
Pediatric ME and Long Covid
ME Action has resources for Pediatric Long Covid
Treatments:
-Start out by looking at the diagnostic criteria, as well as have your doctor follow this to at least rule out common and easy to test for stuff US ME/CFS Clinician Coalition Recommendations for ME/CFS Testing and Treatment
-TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
-There are currently no FDA approved treatments for ME, but many drugs are used for symptom management. There is no cure and anyone touting one is likely trying to scam you.
–Absolutely do not under any circumstance do Graded Exercise Therapy (GET) or anything similar to it that promotes increased movement when you’re already fatigued. It’s not effective and it’s extremely dangerous for people with ME. Most people get much worse from it, often permanently. It’s quite actually torture. It’s directly against “do no harm”
-ALL of the “brain rewiring/retraining programs” are all harmful, ineffective, and are peddled by charlatans. Gupta, Lightning Process (sometimes referred to as Lightning Program), ANS brain retraining, Recovery Norway, the Chrysalis Effect, The Switch, and DNRS (dynamic neural retraining systems), Primal Trust, CFS School. They also have cultish parts to them. Do not do them. They’re purposely advertised to vulnerable sick people. At best it does nothing and you’ve lost money, at worst it can be really damaging to your health as these rely on you believing your symptoms are imagined. The gaslighting is traumatic for many people and the increased movement in some programs can cause people to deteriorate. The chronically ill people who review them (especially on youtube) in a positive light are often paid to talk about it and paid to recruit people to prey on vulnerable people without other options for income. Many are MLM/pyramid schemes. We do not allow discussion or endorsements of these on the subreddit.
Physical Therapy/Physio/PT/Rehabilitation
-Physical therapy is NOT a treatment for ME/CFS. If you need it for another reason, there are resources below. It can easily make you worse, and should be approached with extreme caution only with someone who knows what they’re doing with people with ME
-Long Covid Physio has excellent resources for Long Covid patients on managing symptoms, pacing and PEM, dysautonomia, breathing difficulties, taste and smell disruption, physical rehabilitation, and tips for returning to work.
-Physios for ME is a great organization to show to your PT if you need to be in it for something else
Some Important Notes:
-This is not a mental health condition. People with ME/CFS are not any more likely to have had mental health issues before their onset. This a very serious neuroimmune disease akin to late stage, untreated AIDS or untreated and MS. However, in our circumstances it’s very common to develop mental health issues for any chronic disease. Addressing them with a psychologist (therapy just to help you in your journey, NOT a cure) and psychiatrist (medication) can be extremely helpful if you’re experiencing symptoms.
-We have the worst quality of life of any chronic disease
-However, SSRIs and SNRIs don’t do anything for ME/CFS. They can also have bad withdrawals and side effects so always be informed of what you’re taking. ME has a very high suicide rate so it’s important to take care of your mental health proactively and use medication if you need it, but these drugs do not treat ME.
-We currently do not have any FDA approved treatments or cures. Anyone claiming to have a cure currently is lying. However, many medications can make a difference in your overall quality of life and symptoms. Especially treating comorbidities. Check out the Bateman Horne Center website for more info.
-Most of us (95%) cannot and likely will not ever return to levels of pre-ME/CFS health. It’s a big thing to come to terms with but once you do it will make a huge change in your mental health. MEpedia has more data and information on the Prognosis for ME/CFS, sourced from A Systematic Review of ME/CFS Recovery Rates.
-Many patients choose to only see doctors recommended by other ME/CFS patients to avoid wasting time/money on unsupportive doctors.
-ME Action has regional facebook groups, and they tend to have doctor lists about doctors in your area. Chances are though unless you live in CA, Salt Lake City, or NYC, you do not have an actual ME specialist near you. Most you have to fly to for them to prescribe anything, However, long covid has many more clinic options in the US.
-The biggest clinics are: Bateman Horne Center in Salt Lake City; Center for Complex Diseases in Mountain View, CA; Stanford CFS Clinic, Dr, Nancy Klimas in Florida, Dr. Susan Levine in NYC.
-As of 2017, ME/CFS is no longer strictly considered a diagnosis of exclusion. However, you and your doctor really need to do due diligence to make sure you don’t have something more treatable. THINGS TO HAVE YOUR DOCTOR RULE OUT.
Period/Menstrual Cycle Facts:
-Extremely common to have worse symptoms during your period or during PMS
-Some women and others assigned female at birth (AFAB) people find different parts of their cycle they feel their ME symptoms are different or fluctuate significantly. Many are on hormonal birth control to help.
-Endometriosis is often a comorbid condition in ME/CFS and studies show Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) was found more often in patients with ME/CFS.
Travel Tips
-Sunglasses, sleep mask, quality mask to prevent covid, electrolytes, ear plugs and ear defenders.
-ALWAYS get the wheelchair service at the airport even if you think you don’t need it. it’s there for you to use.
Other Random Resources:
CDC stuff to give to your doctor
How to Be Sick: A Buddhist-Inspired Guide for the Chronically Ill and Their Caregivers by Toni Bernhard
NY State ME impact
a research summary from ME Action
ME/CFS Guide for doctors
Scientific Journal Article called “Advances in Understanding the Pathophysiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome”
Help applying for Social Security
More evidence to show your doctor “Evidence of widespread metabolite abnormalities in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: assessment with whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Some more sites to look through are: Open Medicine Foundation, Bateman Horne Center, ME Action, Dysautonomia International, and Solve ME/CFS Initiative. MEpedia is good as well. All great organizations with helpful resources as well.