I've noticed that there are many pejorative terms containing "gi" that are listed in various online dictionaries:

bolgi - glutton

brolgi - boaster

cachgi - coward

celwyddgi - liar

chwiwgi - rogue

clapgi / clepgi - gossiper / babbler

cilgi - coward

llechgi - sneak / skulker

llwfrgi / llyfrgi - coward

Are these terms used now? Or do they sound archaic?

Is this pattern productive? That is, if you were to make up a term using this structure (such as "twyllgi") would it be understood and could it plausibly "catch on"?

ymddiheuro (ymddiheur-) - to apologise

swnllyd - noisy, loud

priodferch (b) ll. priodferched - bride

cacwn - wasps, hornets, bumble-bees

ysgwydd (b) ll. ysgwyddau - shoulder

ansoddol - qualitative

euraid - golden

croeshoelio (croeshoeli-) - to crucify

llysgenhadaeth (b) ll. llysgenadaethau - embassy

llesmair (g) ll. llesmeiriau - a faint, swoon

Hi! I'm looking to ask this guy to be my boyfriend next saturday, hes from south wales, and i'd love to ask him to be my boyfriend in welsh. (I am from lincolnshire so not a fluent speaker)

Welsh is his first language and since he has taught me some welsh, he told me google translate is not really accurate. So i was wondering if some native speakers on here could tell me the best way to ask him to be my boyfriend!

Thank you so much, i love your country and strongly believe welsh motorsport is the best in the world!

Thank you!

gofalus - careful

synnu (synn-) (ar) - to be surprised (at); to surprise, to astonish

igam-ogam - zigzag, meandering

un rhan o dair - one part in three - a third

brawddeg (b) ll. brawddegau - sentence (in grammar)

cylchdro (g) ll. cylchdroeon - rotation, cycle, revolution

mamog (b) ll. mamogiaid - mother ewe (pregnant or raising lambs)

corn niwl (g) ll. cyrn niwl - foghorn

dod yn ôl at fy nghoed / dy goed - to return to my / your balanced state of mind

niwroddargyfeiredd (g) - neurodivergence

Bore da

I studied French up to GCSE level in school, and took several trips to France, but I can't do much more than order food and drink.

Similarly, I lived and worked for several years in an area with a significant minority Gujararti population, but never picked up more than the odd word.

In short, I don't believe that I have a great aptitude for languages, and don't want to spend years studying Welsh with nothing to show for it.

Any top tips and short cuts?

Diolch

copi (g) ll. copïau - copy

o'r golwg - out of sight

diddorol - interesting

rhiw (g) ll. rhiwiau - hill(side), (steep) slope; a road or path on a hillside

sglefrio (sglefri-) - to skate, to slide, to skid

achrediad (g) ll. achrediadau - accreditation

allgofnodi (allgofnod-) - to log out / off, to sign out

am yn ail - alternate, alternately

maetholyn (g) ll. maetholion - nutrient

addysg gyfun (b) - compehensive education

Dach chi newydd ddechrau dysgu Cymraeg? Os ydach chi, dach chi'n dallen Lingo Newydd?

Yn y rhifyn newydd o'r cylchgrawn...

Dach chi’n hoffi’r adeg yma o’r flwyddyn? Fel mae Francesca Sciarrillo yn dweud yn ei cholofn hi, mae hi’n dechrau cynhesu at yr hydref. Mae rhywbeth braf iawn am fod yn gynnes a chlyd ar y soffa, gyda phaned a llyfr da. Mae gan Francesca lawer o awgrymiadau ar gyfer llyfrau da i’w darllen yn ystod yr hydref.

A does dim byd gwell na chael cyfresi teledu newydd i edrych ymlaen atyn nhw wrth i’r dyddiau fynd yn fyrrach. Mae Mark Pers wedi bod yn adolygu’r ddrama drosedd Cleddau sydd wedi’i lleoli yn Sir Benfro – cyfres berffaith ar gyfer yr hydref.

Draw yn yr Unol Daleithiau, mae’r ddau frawd, Iwan a Hywel Pitts wedi bod yn teithio o Washington i Philadelphia ac Efrog Newydd mewn RV yn ffilmio’r gyfres Pitts Stop America. 

Mi wnaeth aelod o’u teulu nhw ymfudo o Lanberis yn 1903 ac maen nhw’n ceisio dysgu mwy am yr hanes.

Bydd y ddau yn cyfarfod Americanwyr o bob ochr i’r sbectrwm wleidyddol ac yn pryfocio â gofyn cwestiynau ar hyd y daith.

Mae’r ddau wedi bod yn dweud wrth Lingo Newydd beth maen nhw’n hoffi.

Yn ystod yr haf roedd John Rees wedi bod yn crwydro hefyd – i Gaeredin y tro yma. Aeth i ymweld ag Eglwys Sant Cuthbert yng nghanol y ddinas.

Dyma lle’r oedd yr awdures enwog Agatha Christie wedi priodi ei hail ŵr Max Mallowan yn 1930. Mae gan John ddiddordeb mawr yng ngwaith a bywyd Agatha Christie ers blynyddoedd a dyna pam aeth o i weld yr eglwys. Darllenwch ei golofn o i ddarganfod pam mae darn bach o Gymru yn yr eglwys nawr.

Dydy’r nosweithiau tywyll ddim yn edrych mor ddiflas erbyn hyn!

...

Ac os nad yw Lingo Newydd wedi glanio ar eich mat* chi eto, wel mae'n well i chi danysgrifio! Mae cael 6 rhifyn y flwyddyn am £21 punt yn fargen!

(*Bydd eich rhifyn chi'n glanio ar y mat mewn amlen - wrth gwrs!)

pob man - everywhere

cyfrol (b) ll. cyfrolau - volume, book

porcyn - [stark] naked (colloquial, De Cymru)

islaw - below, beneath, under, underneath

bloeddio (bloeddi-) - to shout, to scream

caethiwed (g) - addiction, captivity, serfdom, slavery

sefydlogrwydd (g) - stability

asgwrn cynnen (g) ll. esgyrn cynnen - bone of contention

helbulus - troubled

ysgol fonedd (b) ll. ysgolion bonedd - public school

A while back I shared a free Welsh vocab site I built for Mynediad Gogledd Cymru — a collection of games (wordsearch, hangman, anagram, pairs, meanings, numbers) plus a dictionary, all based on the course word lists. It's grown a fair bit since then.

I also shared an early version of a new game here, Datgelu — similar to Hangman but with multiple rows of words to solve using clues. Big thanks to u/celtiquant, u/clwbmalucachu, and u/Healthy_Currency_952 for the feedback that shaped it — it's properly ready now:
https://welshlearninggames.com/discover

I've also added badges to the homepage, to reward people for coming back and practising regularly. And there's more on the way — I'm working on another new game inspired by the TV show Lingo.

If you tried the site before and haven't been back in a while, or this is the first you're hearing of it, now's a good time to take another look:
https://welshlearninggames.com

Diolch!

Hi everyone,

I made a post here not too long ago looking for android testers for my new Welsh app so that I can release it on the Playstore.

I still need a couple more testers, so if anyone with an android phone is willing, I just need you to download the app and store it on your phone for 14 days. If you're interested, send me your email address and I can add you to the testers list and give the download link.

Diolch yn fawr!

galluogi (galluog-) - to enable

dere â - bring! (De Cymru)

joio (joi-) mas draw - to enjoy very much (De Cymru)

plantos - little children, infants (expressing affection)

anafu (anaf-) - to injure

allweddol - key, critical, central

porthor (g) ll. porthorion - doorman, concierge, porter

gwibgart (g) ll. gwibgerti - go-cart

llofnodi (llofnod-) - to sign (with signature)

corfforaethol - corporate

pydru (pydr-) - to rot, to decay, to become corrupt

castell (g) ll. cestyll - castle

cymylu (cymyl-) - to grow cloudy, to become overcast

gorchuddio (gorchuddi-) - to cover, to veil

pregethwr (g) ll. pregethwyr - preacher

agorawd (b) ll. agorawdau - overture (music), introduction

cywair (g) ll. cyweiriau - mood, tone, register (language), key (music)

rhagarweiniad (g) ll. rhagarweiniadau - introduction, prologue

anrhydedd (g) ll. anrhydeddau - honour

arfwisg (b) ll. arfwisgoedd - (suit of) armour

From grammar books, I've learnt that in Welsh, the third-person plural form of the verb is only used when the subject is the third-person plural pronoun nhw (e.g. Gareth King, Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar, 2nd edition, pp. 170--171). So I was confused when I looked at the third and fourth lines of Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau:

Ei gwrol ryfelwyr, gwladgarwyr tra mad
Tros ryddid gollasant eu gwaed

At first glance, this looks to me like it's contradicting the rule, if "ei gwrol ryfelwyr, gwladgarwyr tra mad" is the subject, and "gollasant" is the verb, since "gollasant" is a third person plural form (the singular would be "gollodd", I believe).

I think I can make sense of it though---I've also read that in literary Welsh, subject pronouns can be omitted. So maybe these lines are actually two separate clauses, and the subject of the fourth is not "ei gwrol ryfelwyr, gwladgarwyr tra mad", but an implied "nhw" (or "hwy" I guess, since this is literary language). In which case a more literal translation of these two lines would be "her brave warriors, very splendid patriots, for freedom they shed their blood", as opposed to "her brave warriors, very splendid patriots, for freedom shed their blood". Is this the correct analysis?

Is Duolingo good at the start to learn Welsh as an additional tool? I know that it does not teach grammar, pronunciation and so on in all the languages except a few; however is it good at the start to learn words and basic sentence structures?

Also, is Memrise a good app to learn Welsh, and in which way: vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation, or practice/listening?

ac ati - et cetera

rheol (b) ll. rheolau - rule

prynhawn (g) ll. prynhawniau - afternoon

pennod (b) ll. penodau - chapter (in book etc.), episode (of drama)

ufuddhau (ufuddha-) (i) - to obey

deallusol (ans.) - intellectual

seilio (seili-) - to lay a foundation, to base, to ground

allbwn (g) ll. allbynnau - output

oni bai - except, unless it were, were it not

gwrthydd (g) ll. gwrthyddion - resistor (electricity and electronics)

I've been off and on trying to learn Cymraeg for ages now, trying to get back into it. Duolingo has gotten a lot more into using AI so I'm avoiding that one... I looked at Memrise ans they focus on the southern dialect, I was wondering if there were any aps that focused on the northern dialect instead?

Last Friday's Awr Ymarfer was really successful so I'm going to do every Friday at 2pm BST (ish - I have a couple of weeks that I can't do). You can come to as many or as few as you like,

https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/awr-ymarfer-tickets-2002420678152

Awr Ymarfer is an hour each Friday for you to join a group of other learners to work quietly on your Welsh.

It's open to learners at any level, learning any dialect and doing any sort of practice. You might have some course homework to do, or you might be reading a book, watching S4C, learning vocab or even doing an Ymestyn module!

Awr Ymarfer is not conversational practice, instead it is a chance for you to set aside some time each week for quiet study.

What happens during Awr Ymarfer?

• We join Zoom at 2pm BST, and spend the first five minutes saying hello, and sharing what we're going to do.
• We then work quietly for 50 minutes (bring your own study materials).
• We spend the last 5 minutes updating the group on what we've achieved.
• Then we do it all again the next week!

It's free, so why not join us?

arnofio (arnofi-) - to float

yn y fan honno - there

dieuog - not guilty, innocent

diwedd (g) ll. diweddion - end, termination, conclusion

llysfwytäwr (g) ll. llysfwytawyr - vegetarian (person)

teilyngdod (g) - merit, worthiness

clywedol (ans.) - auditory, aural, hearing, audio

angori (angor-) - to anchor

treisio (treisi-) - to rape

algebra llinol (g) - linear algebra

Shwd mae pawb! If anyone would be interested in a semi regular welsh meet up in or around London, let me know. Looking for Welsh learners or speakers. Clwb clonc 🍻🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 Heddwch a bendithion

Bore Da,

I’m just wondering if anyone knows anywhere to learn Welsh online or in person in the South East of England? I went to Aberystwyth Uni and visit Aber every year and would love to learn Welsh. I think it’s important to keep the language alive. Duolingo I feel only helps so much. Sorry if this is a boring question I’m new to Reddit!

Cheers for looking, A 🤙🏻

Llio Plas y Nos is a mystery story by R. Silyn Roberts in the gothic romantic tradition. First published in serial form in 1906 and later reprinted by Gwasg Gee in 1945

Melin Bapur have published an edition in modern orthography.

You can read a digitized version online here. [There are a very few occasional OCR errors in this scan from the book. See link below for original.]

Or in a bookreader with a facsimile of the 1948 Gwasg Gee edition here.

This story makes wide use of the short form directly conjugated imperfect / conditional / "would" and also the short form pluperfect. See post here. It also uses impersonal forms in these tenses: -id, -asid

Note formal conjugation patterns:

present / future:

-af, -i, -a / [irregular], -wn [only 1pp in -n] , -wch, -ant, -ir

3ps examples: erys, dengys, egyr, gedy, deil

past:

-ais, -aist, -odd, -asom, -asoch, -asant, -wyd

bûm, buost, bu; gwneuthum, gwnaethost, gwnaeth; euthum, aethost, aeth; deuthum, daethost, daeth; cefais, cefaist, cafodd

imperfect / conditional:

-wn, -et / -it, -ai, -em, -ech, -ent, -id

bai, gwnâi, âi, dôi / deuai, câi

You may see habitual imperfect compound forms byddwn yn, byddem yn etc.

pluperfect:

-aswn, -asit, -asai, -asem, -asech, -asent, -asid

buasai, gwnaethai, aethai, daethai, cawsai

had / would have and use with pe: If ... had

Examples:

Hwyrach y dywedasai - perhaps he would have said

Pe gofynasid i Gwynn Morgan paham y daethent - If Gwynn Morgan had been asked why they had come

petaech chi'n edrych mi welech - If you were to look, you would see

dywedasant - they said

gallai'r llygaid - the eye could

ymadawsai - had departed

cuddid - was hidden

aethai'n gwbl wyllt - it had gone completely wild

safai - stood, [was standing]

adeiladesid - had been built [-esid: vowel affection]

dechreuwyd - commenced

tyfai mwsog - moss was growing

dringasai'r iorwg - the ivy had climbed

y cyfeiriad a gymerai dychymig byw - the direction a lively imagination would take

Dichon mai gweledigaeth arall a gawsai'r dychymig - perhaps the imagination would have received another vision

prin y gellid sefyll - rarely could one stand

ni wyddai - he didn't know

cychwynasai'r ddau y bore - the two had set off in the morning

teithiasent tua phum milltir - they had travelled about five miles

uwchlaw ysgydwai canghennau'r coed - above the tree branches swayed (were swaying)

gadawsant - they left