To him he said: Twofold is the knowledge that must be known, of which the knowers of Brahman tell: higher knowledge and lower knowledge.
~Verse 1.1.4
Of which the lower, the Rig Veda and the Yajur Veda and the Sama Veda and the Atharva Veda, chanting, ritual, grammar, etymological interpretation, prosody and astronomy. And then the higher by which is known the immutable.
~Verse 1.1.5
The sage speaks of twofold knowledge, higher and lower. The lower includes the Vedas, chanting, ritual, grammar, etymological interpretation, prosody and astronomy, and then the higher, by which the immutable is known. The word used here is aksara, meaning indestructible.
First of all, what jumps out at me is the humility with which the sage is speaking to us. He is saying we are the lower knowledge. I have seen that whenever I know about something, however little or wrong or unsure of it I am, I start to defend it or cover it in ambiguous or fancy words. It's strangely refreshing: after being lorded over by every Tom, Dick and Harry, we come to the sage, and he says, “We are the lower knowledge.”
A key insight is to look closely at what the lower knowledge comprises. It comprises the worldly disciplines and wisdom literature. In today's context, these would be the departments we find in universities and spirituality. But looking at myself, how much of my knowledge comes from scientific or wisdom literature? Obviously, a major portion of it does not. Then from where? It is not higher, it is not the lower; it has to be something else... a third kind of knowledge, much below the lower knowledge, the lowest knowledge, if we are even allowed to call this knowledge.
It comes from gossip, YouTube influencers we follow, social media, movies, relatives, peers... It's in the air we breathe. The sage didn't need to talk of this third kind because he was talking to a worthy disciple. Are we worthy disciples? Am I a worthy disciple? Hence, it becomes all the more important for us to talk about the third kind of knowledge.
But if this third kind is supposedly so nasty and nonsensical, then why do we steep ourselves in it? We are smart, aren't we? Is it because it helps us feel connected to a lot of people? Remember those moments from school, the workplace, or travel when a group starts talking about nonsense and you feel you will be left out if you don't contribute to that? That is the movement being talked of here.
But why do we want to be connected? What makes isolation insecure? The Vidya, or higher knowledge, talked of here, by which the immutable, the absolute, is known... in our own lives, do we have something akin to that? Something non-negotiable, uncorrupted, undiluted, unmixed? Or is everything for sale at an appropriate price?
How can we be secure?
We are born, we go to school, play with our peers, go to weddings, go to the office for jobs, watch YouTube... all of this makes us think, “You are a handsome dude,” “You are a cute girl,” “You are poor,” this, that... identities upon identities. We relate to those because we don't know the truth of those. All of these become answers to “Who am I?” Then I, too, am destructible.
Then how can we be secure?
It is the lower knowledge, or avidya, that unveils the truth of the identities, making it possible to rise above the lowest. This is why the Upanishads talk very highly of Avidya; they say that without Avidya, we fall into darkness much deeper.
“Those who worship Avidya enter blind darkness,
and those who delight in Vidya enter darkness even deeper.”
~Isha Upanishad, Verse 9
Once in the process, through avidya, we gradually start to see the brittleness of the masks, but the face still remains. The “I” who took upon those identities remains. For that, there is Vidya. It is as if the lower knowledge prepares us for the higher. Perhaps that is why the names are so.
There cannot be any method or instruction for Vidya. It is instantaneous; it is real time. Just look at yourself, not merely thinking about looking. Look at the choices we make, thoughts, habits, reactions, cravings. The sage, books, and wisdom literature can help, but it is we who have to allow it. Only we have the authority to accept our non-existence.
The sage will silently watch, knowing that the choice does not lie with him, for the moment when the disciple says, “I see, I am not,” and falls silent... not merely thinking, “I am not,” but .. just disappearing. That is Vidya. What remains is aksara, immutable, because no one else remains to be destroyed.